System tools and applications¶
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Archive tools¶
In Linux systems, the tar command is usually included by default and does not require additional installation. It is one of the core tools, and almost all Linux distributions (such as Ubuntu, CentOS, Linux, etc.) come pre-installed with it.
Install tar (if needed):
sudo apt update && sudo apt install tar
tar supports packing and unpacking by default, but compression/decompression functionality depends on other tools (such as gzip, bzip2, xz), which are usually also pre-installed.
Format |
Compression command |
Decompression command |
|---|---|---|
.tar |
tar -cvf file.tar dir/ |
tar -xvf file.tar |
.tar.gz |
tar -czvf file.tar.gz dir/ |
tar -xzvf file.tar.gz |
.tar.bz2 |
tar -cjvf file.tar.bz2 dir/ |
tar -xjvf file.tar.bz2 |
.zip |
zip file.zip dir |
unzip file.zip |
.7z |
7z a file.7z dir |
7z x file.7z |
.rar |
rar a file.rar dir |
unrar x file.rar |
File system tools¶
Tool |
Function |
Example command |
|---|---|---|
df |
View disk usage |
df -h |
du |
View file size in directory |
du -sh /path/to/dir |
lsblk |
View block device information |
lsblk -f |
fdisk |
View disk partition information |
sudo fdisk -l |
mount/umount |
Mount/Unmount |
sudo mount /dev/sdX1 /mnt |
mkfs |
Formatting tool |
sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdX1 |
fsck |
File system check and repair |
sudo fsck /dev/sdX1 |
Disk management tools¶
Tool |
Function |
Example command |
|---|---|---|
lsblk / fdisk -l / parted |
View disk information |
sudo parted /dev/sdX |
gdisk / fdisk / gparted |
GPT / MBR / GUI partition tools |
sudo gdisk /dev/sdX |
partprobe |
Update partition information |
sudo partprobe /dev/sdX |
pvcreate / vgcreate / dd |
Advanced management (LVM/cloning) |
sudo pvcreate /dev/sdX1 |
df / du / ncdu |
View disk usage |
df -h |
mkfs.ext4 / mkfs.ntfs |
Formatting tools |
sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdX1 |
Process management tools¶
Tool |
Function |
Example command |
|---|---|---|
ps / top / htop |
View processes |
ps aux |
kill / pkill / killall |
Terminate processes |
kill -9 PID |
nohup / bg / jobs |
Run programs in background |
nohup python3 script.py & |
nice / renice |
Set process priority |
nice -n 19 python3 script.py |
vmstat / pidstat |
Resource monitoring |
pidstat -d 1 |
systemctl / journalctl |
Manage services |
systemctl status nginx |